Principal Hydrologie Units
The three principal aquifers of Long Island are top to bottom the Upper Glacial Aquifer, the Jameco, the Magothy Aquifer, and the Lloyd Aquifer. Continental glaciers of Wisconsinan age 20 to 86 thousand years ago brought to Long Island the materials that now comprise nearly all of its surficial sediments. Glacial material was deposited in two terminal moraines the Ronkonkoma moraine, which forms Suffolk's spine and South Fork, and the Harbor Hill moraine, which runs along the North Shore and...
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8. b. Installation amp Commissioning 1.0 A non-conventional diversity of trades is the constant demon of a GeoExchange system. Well drillers do not normally talk to heat pump trades, heat pump refrigeration trades do not normally talk to plumbers, and all too often duct installers are in their own world. In recent years the advent of the increasingly popular radiant floor heating adds another diverse trade. A strong general contractor or local clerk of the works is a key to a successful...
a The Hydrogeology of New York City
The geology of the New York City counties is complex and varied. Geologic formations range from Precambrian bedrock the age of which can be measured in billions of years to glacial deposits that are less than twelve thousand years old to land filled areas that were created in the recent past. The stratigraphy of geologic units tends to be ordered with the younger formations resting on top of older formations. The oldest formations, the crystalline bedrock, such as granites and gneisses, form...
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Section 8.0 Choosing a Geothermal Heat Pump System The type of geothermal heat pump system that is suitable for a given building must be chosen carefully. The normal process is a collaborative effort involving the owner, the architect and the consulting engineer. Each different geothermal heat pump configuration will affect the architecture and the ability to define climate control zoning. At present the commercially available heat pump types and the major physical implications for the building...
Closed Loop Geothermal Heat Exchangers
Close loop earth coupling is used in areas where the installation is simple or there are issues with the permitted use of ground water aquifers reserved by governing bodies , lack of water or with the water quality. This type of geothermal heat exchanger consists of closed loops of plastic piping. As closed loop piping and the required grouting material add another layer of heat transfer resistance, the closed loop system is designed for lower winter entering water temperatures and higher...
a The Hydrogeology of New York City 1
The geology of the New York City counties is complex and varied. Geologic formations range from Precambrian bedrock the age of which can be measured in billions of years to glacial deposits that are less than twelve thousand years old to land filled areas that were created in the recent past. The stratigraphy of geologic units tends to be ordered with the younger formations resting on top of older formations. The oldest formations, the crystalline bedrock, such as granites and gneisses, form...
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10. Summary fo refrigerant s used in Geothermal Heat Pumps Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFC's are used in heat pumps and air conditioners worldwide and are now being regulated because of their impact on ozone depletion and will have to be replaced fairly soon. Hydroflourocarbons HFC's may be suitable as short to medium-term replacements, but may not be suitable for long term use due to their high global warming potential GWP . Several issues will dictate the choice of long term replacements for...
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These specifications are samples only, and are not meant for use with any particular application. The use of professional consultants is required. No warranty is given, nor is any liability assumed. Specifications for Standing Column Well - Typical for Near surface Bedrock, as Manhattan and NW Queens. Two slightly different specifications are included for residential and for commercial standing column wells. The residential specification allows for the use of the standing column for domestic...
Appendix E
Appendix E Geothermal Heat Pump Manufacturers The list shows the manufacturer, the web site address and the New York area dealer. tel 718 269 3600contact Mike Tedesco Water Furnace www.waterfurnace.com 9000 Conservation Way Fort Wayne, Indiana 46809 800 934-5667 tel 800 934 5160 x 8869 contact Garth Gibson Airedale info airedaleusa.com 769 haunted Lane POB 749 Bensalem, PA 19020 tel. 215 639 6030
MOST LIKELY GeoExchange EARTH COUPLING METHODS by AREA
A third, or closed loop, earth coupling method has been used in areas where there are regulatory or practical reasons that find the above two methods unpractical. At present there are no regulations affecting the closed loop earth coupling. Some close loop designs included pathogenic poisons as antifreezes and the design engineer and owner should carefully evaluate the chemical composition of closed loop antifreeze compounds before giving their approval for their use. This section summarizes...
Standing Column Wells Scw 1
Standing column wells consist of a borehole that is cased until competent bedrock is reached. The remaining depth of the well is then self-supporting through bedrock for the remainder of its depth. A central pipe smaller than the well diameter is dropped to form a core through which the water is pumped up, and an annulus into which the water is returned. The length of the central pipe at the bottom is coarsely perforated to form a diffuser. Water is drawn into diffuser and up this central riser...
TYPICAL REQUIREMENT for UIC PERMIT APPLICATIONS
Permit applications for a Class V Bore hole include A. Review within mile of the site B. Topographic map within 1 mile radius of the site C. Well data reasonably available from public records D. E. Geologic maps of the immediate area - available from USGS amp this document F. Operating data for the heat pumps G. H. I. Simulation of Heat pump operation including estimated injection J. K. Description of Boring construction procedures and details L. Description of proposed monitoring program N....
Conclusion
The hydrogeology of the City of New York is complex and varied presenting an interesting challenge for the design and implementation of geothermal systems. Since the location of the intended system is critical in determining the nature of the geology and, consequently, the type of well that will be used for the system, the designer must consult the mapping that is in this chapter or additional mapping listed at the end of the chapter. It is important that a hydrogeologist is consulted at the...
Open System with Supply and Diffusion Wells
The open type of geothermal heat exchanger consists of one or more supply wells which supply water to the heat pump loop, and return or diffusion wells into which the same water is re-injected into the aquifer from which it was drawn. These wells are relatively shallow several hundred feet in depth , and are generally cased to the depth where the water is available for pumping, or in the case of a diffusion well, can be accepted by the geologic formation. Aquifers that can furnish water at high...
Standing Column Wells SCW
Standing column wells consist of a borehole that is cased until competent bedrock is reached. The New York State Department of Mineral Resources DMR requires that the well casing be driven 75 feet into competent bedrock. Upon indication of solid and unfrac-tured rock the DMR has agreed upon a reduction of that depth to as low as 35 feet. The remaining depth of the well is then self-supporting through bedrock. A central pipe is dropped to form a core through which the water is pumped up, and an...