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A^su

Apvp Ate, Ata AG'f 8

8fs nel nK

Plate inclination

Heat transfer coefficient at the wall outside the bioreactor Heat transfer coefficient at the wall inside the bioreactor Heat transfer coefficient at the wall outside the heating pipe Heat transfer coefficient at the wall inside the heating pipe Average temperature difference between heating medium and substrate Maximum temperature difference between substrate and the outside of the reactor Temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the heating medium to the bioreactor

Maximum temperature difference between substrate inside and outside of the reactor Pressure head of the preparation tank pump Differences in absolute temperatures Gibbs free energy Porosity

Porosity of Siran

Efficiency to produce electrical energy Efficiency of the compressor Efficiency to produce heat Efficiency of the preparation tank pump Sludge age

Temperature of the heating medium at the outlet

Temperature of the heating medium at the inlet

Dewpoint temperature

bar K

Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources. An Introduction. Dieter Deublein and Angelika Steinhauser

Copyright © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 978-3-527-31841-4

tiBR

XBR pMK

Pfs Pg Ps Pw

(PBRR)tot (PSC)tot

acod ad

ADtechn

AM as at4

B BA bbr bn bod5

BRoDMSB

Bs co

COD0

C0Dmax

Cs cSU

Temperature

Lowest ambient temperature Temperature of the substrate in the bioreactor Air fuel ratio for stoichiometrically equivalent air fuel ratio X = 1 Heat transmission coefficient of the insulation of the bioreactor Grinding ball density Normal gas density Density of siran Density of substrate Densitiy of co - ferment Density of heating medium Total power consumption of the agitators Total power consumption of the co- ferment conveyors Area for cultivation of energy plants Surface of the bioreactor, where heat is lost Degree of decomposition determined by the

COD value Total available area Technically usable area Cultivation area for maize Degree of decomposition determined by oxygen demand Breathing activity Disintegration intensity Bioreactor area load Average bioreactor volume load billion

Difference in oxygen concentration (day 1

vs. day 5) Bioreactor volume load

Organic sludge load Total sludge load Breadth

Concentration of organics in the substrate Constants

Chemical oxygen demand (COD value) COD value of untreated sample Maximum COD value Biomass concentration in excess sludge specific heat capacity of the substrate

kW kW

ha ha ha mg 02/gDM

kJ kg-1

mg02 L-1

kgoDM/(m3-d) or kgc od/(m3 ■ d) kg/kg'd kg COD /(kgDM' d)

m kgcoDm-3

m m cw Specificheatcapacityoftheheatingmedium kJ/kg-°C

D Net income from fertilizer US$ a-1

Dbr Diameter of bioreactor m

DBRl Diameter of discharge pipe m

Dbrr Outer diameter of agitator m

Dd Decanter diameter m

De Diameter of residue storage tank m dFS Pore diameter of Siran m

Dhr Diameter of heating pipe m

DIN German industrial norm -

Dl Diameter of aeration pipe m

DMbr Flow rate of dry matter into the bioreactor kgoDM d-1

dMK Grinding ball diameter M

DMR e Dry matter in outflow of sludge bed reactor g L-1

Dpt Diameter of preparation tank m

DW Diameter of windings of heating pipe m

E Nominal capacity of electrical power of the kW CHP

EEel Electrical power consumption of the plant kW

Eel Capacity of the plant to deliver electrical kW energy

Em Yield of CH4 perbiomass kmolCH4 kg-1

EOILspec Specific energy per volume of ignition oil kWh L-1

Er Theoretical yield MgDM/ha-a

ERmax Maximum theoretical yield MgDM/ha-a

ES Solar energy kW

Espec Specific biogas energy kW m-3

Eth Capacity of the plant to deliver heat kW

Etot Total energy kW

fVBR Factor to increase the bioreactor volume -

fVE Factor to increase the residue storage tank -

fVPT Factor to increase the preparation tank -

G Net income from current US$ a-1

GB 21 Gas formation within 21 days Nl kgDM 1

GVE Animal unit -

h1( h2, h3, h4, h5 Specific enthalpies at different stages of the kJ kg-1 process

Hbp Filling height for pellet sludge m

Hbr Bioreactor height m

Hbs Heightofthegas/solidseparator m

HE Height of the residue storage tank m

HON, HUN Calorific value kWh m- 3

Hpt Heightofthepreparationtank m

HS Height of the silo m

I SV

rvr*-spec

kßR KBspec kchp kH

KKspec koil

KOILspec

KP Kp spec

KR KR

spec

KSspec

KT KV kW KW

spec

KX KY KZ

M BR Me

nBRR NeBRR

oDM oDMRe

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